Define your central theme: Is your story about second chances, forbidden love, or a slow-burn romance? Knowing this will guide your plot and character decisions.
Understand your characters: Create detailed profiles for your protagonists. What are their fears, desires, and flaws? How will they complement and challenge each other?
Set the stakes: Romance thrives on tension. What obstacles will your characters face, and why does their love feel impossible—or inevitable?
Pick your trope(s): Tropes are a cornerstone of romance. Whether it’s enemies-to-lovers or love at first sight, pick one that resonates with your story.

Once you’ve laid the groundwork, you’ll be ready to move into the next stage: crafting characters that feel as real as the people we love most.

Stay tuned, because I'll dive deeper into character development in Step 2!

Step 2: Crafting Characters

A romance novel lives and dies on its characters. Your readers need to root for your couple, so make them unforgettable!

Create depth: Give your protagonists distinct personalities, goals, and flaws. Perfect people aren’t relatable—flawed characters are.
Build chemistry: Think about how their personalities complement or clash. What draws them together, and what creates tension?
Develop a backstory: Their past experiences should shape who they are and how they approach love.
Introduce the supporting cast: Friends, family, or even rivals can add layers to the story and help the romance feel more dynamic.

When you’ve got fully realized characters, it’s time to weave their lives together with an outline.

Step 3: Outlining the Plot

The structure of a romance novel is just as important as its characters.

"Fill your paper with the breathings of your heart."

William Wordsworth

Author

Source: Nicole Gulotta

Here’s how to outline your story:

Start with the meet-cute: How do your protagonists meet? Is it serendipitous, awkward, or fraught with tension?
Introduce conflict: What’s keeping them apart? Internal doubts? External forces? Both?
Develop the romance arc: Show their relationship progressing through key moments, such as flirting, bonding, misunderstandings, and breakthroughs.
Plan the climax: This is the emotional peak of your novel. How do they confront their fears and choose love?
End with a payoff: Romance readers expect a satisfying conclusion. Whether it’s a happily-ever-after or bittersweet resolution, make it memorable.

Once your outline is solid, you can dive into the writing process.

Step 4: Writing the First Draft

This is where the magic happens, and your story starts to come to life.

Hook your readers: Begin with a scene that grabs attention and sets the tone for your romance.
Show, don’t tell: Let your characters’ actions and dialogue reveal their feelings. Subtle gestures and quiet moments can be just as powerful as dramatic confessions.
Build tension: Don’t let your couple get together too easily. Romance is about the journey, not just the destination.
Balance pacing: Alternate between romantic moments and personal growth for your characters. Keep the story moving without rushing the relationship.

Expect this stage to be messy. That’s okay—your draft doesn’t have to be perfect; it just has to exist.

Step 5: Editing and Polishing

Now that you’ve written your first draft, it’s time to refine your masterpiece.

"And now that you don't have to be perfect, you can be good."

John Steinbeck

Author

Source: Nicole Gulotta

This is perhaps the most important part of your writing journey. Make sure to spend as much time as possible on the following:

Focus on dialogue: Ensure your conversations are natural and reveal the dynamics between your characters.
Deepen emotional beats: Strengthen scenes highlighting vulnerability, passion, or heartbreak.
Trim the fat: Cut out scenes that don’t move the plot forward or develop the romance.
Fix pacing issues: Ensure your story flows smoothly and every chapter engages readers.
Add sensory details: Vagabondize your world by describing settings, emotions, and physical sensations.

Finally, seek feedback from beta readers to gauge how your story resonates with others. Their input will help you identify areas for improvement.

Step 6: Publishing Your Love Story

Once you’re happy with your novel, it’s time to share it with the world.

Pick the right title and cover: These are crucial for attracting romance readers.
Write a compelling blurb: Hook potential readers with a summary that hints at your story’s emotional core.
Choose your publishing route: Whether traditional or self-publishing, ensure your book reaches your audience.

Leading Examples of Successful Romance Novels and How the Authors Wrote Them

Now that you understand what goes into writing a successful work of romantic fiction, let's examine some other winning examples in the genre.

Picture of Pride & Prejudice book and coffee

Image source: GoodFon

**1. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen**

Why it’s successful: This timeless classic masterfully balances humor, social critique, and a slow-burn romance between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. The characters' initial misunderstandings and growth create an unforgettable love story.
How Austen wrote it: Austen focused on witty dialogue, relatable characters, and exploring societal norms. Her ability to showcase personal flaws and redemption arcs set the standard for modern romance.

**2. Outlander by Diana Gabaldon**

Why it’s successful: Combining historical fiction with a sweeping love story, Outlander brings Claire and Jamie’s epic romance to life with vivid settings, high stakes, and deep emotional connections.
How Gabaldon wrote it: Gabaldon leaned heavily on research to create a richly detailed historical backdrop. She allowed her characters to evolve naturally over the series, building an emotional connection with readers.

**3. The Notebook by Nicholas Sparks**

Why it’s successful: This tearjerker tells the story of a love that endures through life’s challenges, touching readers with its themes of memory, devotion, and second chances.
How Sparks wrote it: Sparks based the story on his wife’s grandparents, aiming to write a romance that celebrated enduring love. His simple yet poignant prose, combined with relatable themes, struck a chord with readers.

**4. Me Before You by Jojo Moyes**

Why it’s successful: Moyes crafted a heart-wrenching love story that explores themes of personal growth and ethical dilemmas. The unconventional romance between Lou and Will feels raw and authentic.
How Moyes wrote it: Moyes tackled complex, real-world issues like disability and assisted suicide, blending them seamlessly with a deeply emotional love story. Her layered characters and moral ambiguity set the book apart.

**5. The Hating Game by Sally Thorne**

Why it’s successful: This contemporary rom-com captures the irresistible tension of an enemies-to-lovers trope, making readers laugh and swoon in equal measure.
How Thorne wrote it: Thorne focused on sharp, humorous dialogue and playful banter to establish chemistry. She made the characters’ emotional vulnerability as compelling as their romantic tension.

**6. Bridgerton Series by Julia Quinn**

Why it’s successful: Quinn’s Regency-era series blends steamy romance, witty dialogue, and vibrant characters, creating stories that feel fresh yet true to the period.
How Quinn wrote it: Quinn embraced tropes like fake relationships and second-chance love while infusing her characters with charm and depth. Her historical research and engaging prose make the series shine.

**7. Red, White & Royal Blue by Casey McQuiston**

Why it’s successful: This modern romance explores a heartfelt LGBTQ+ relationship while addressing themes of identity, family, and politics.
How McQuiston wrote it: McQuiston combined sharp humor with deep emotional resonance, crafting a story that feels both romantic and socially relevant. The novel’s diverse characters and positive representation were pivotal to its success.

**8. Eleanor & Park by Rainbow Rowell**

Why it’s successful: This YA romance captures the intensity of first love with raw, honest emotions and flawed yet endearing characters.
How Rowell wrote it: Rowell focused on authenticity, capturing the insecurities and vulnerabilities of teenage love. Her ability to weave complex family dynamics into the romance adds depth.

Best Practices for Writing Romance Novels

Focus on emotional depth: Your readers should feel the highs and lows of your characters’ love story. Prioritize moments of vulnerability, connection, and growth.
Avoid clichés: While tropes are important, give them a fresh twist to make your story stand out.
Show, don’t tell: Use body language, internal thoughts, and dialogue to convey feelings rather than outright stating them.
Pace the romance: Build the relationship gradually. A slow burn or gradual reveal of feelings can make the payoff much more satisfying.
Develop individual arcs: Your protagonists should grow individually as well as together. Ensure both characters have their own goals and challenges outside the romance.
Include conflict and resolution: Tension is key to keeping readers engaged. Make sure the conflicts are realistic and the resolutions satisfying.
Create memorable settings: Whether it’s a small-town bakery or a bustling city, make your setting feel alive and contribute to the story.
Keep the ending satisfying: Romance readers expect some form of resolution, whether it’s a happily-ever-after or a bittersweet conclusion. Deliver an ending that fits your story.
Edit ruthlessly: Cut out scenes that don’t serve the plot or develop the characters. Every word should contribute to the story’s progression.
Read in the genre: The more romance novels you read, the better you’ll understand what works and what doesn’t.

FAQ: Romance Novel Writing

Q: How long should my romance novel be?
A: Romance novels typically range from 50,000 to 100,000 words. Contemporary and category romances often fall on the shorter side, while historical and epic romances may be longer.

Q: Do I need to stick to a specific trope?
A: Tropes help readers understand what to expect, but you don’t need to stick to one rigidly. Use tropes as a foundation, but add your unique spin to make your story stand out.

Q: Can my romance novel have subplots?
A: Absolutely! Subplots can enrich your story and give characters opportunities to grow. Just make sure they don’t overshadow the main romance.

Q: What’s the difference between romance and romantic elements in a story?
A: A romance novel centers on the love story and ends with some form of romantic resolution. Stories with romantic elements may include a love subplot, but the main plot focuses on other themes or genres.

Q: How do I create believable chemistry between characters?
A: Focus on shared values, moments of vulnerability, playful banter, and gradual emotional and physical connection. Avoid insta-love unless it’s a deliberate choice with strong justification.

Q: Do I need to write steamy scenes?
A: It depends on your audience. Some romance readers enjoy explicit scenes, while others prefer clean romances with little to no physical intimacy. Write what feels authentic to your story and audience.

Q: How do I handle conflict in the relationship?
A: Conflict should feel organic, not forced. Rather than manufactured drama, focus on misunderstandings, external obstacles, or internal struggles.

Q: Is it okay for my characters to have flaws?
A: Yes! Flaws make characters relatable and human. Just ensure their growth feels natural and ties into the romance arc.

Q: What makes a good romance novel ending?
A: The ending should feel earned and align with the tone of your story. Whether it’s a happily-ever-after or a bittersweet resolution, readers should feel satisfied with the characters’ journey.

Q: Should I hire an editor or use beta readers?
A: Ideally, both! Beta readers provide initial feedback on the story’s emotional resonance and pacing, while a professional editor helps refine the prose and structure.

With these best practices and answers to common questions, you’re well-equipped to start crafting your unforgettable romance novel. Happy writing!

How to Write a Romance Novel Like Jane Austen

Step 1: Planning and Brainstorming